Can Text Messages Be Used as Evidence in Legal Contracts?

When it comes to legal questions, the phrase Just Depends is often the starting point. This article explores whether text messages can be considered as evidence in legal disputes over contracts.

The Parol Evidence Rule: A Primer

The parol evidence rule is a fundamental principle in contract law. It dictates that a contract is interpreted based on the terms written within the document itself. Specifically, the rule states that any external evidence attempting to vary or contradict the written terms of the contract is generally not admissible. The rationale behind this rule is to provide a clear and unambiguous interpretation of the agreement between parties, based on their explicit written terms.

Text Messages and Contract Evidence: A Dual-Edged Sword

Suppose Farmer Jones and Farmer Jim enter into a written contract where Farmer Jones agrees to sell 4 cows to Farmer Jim for $1,000. If both parties sign the agreement, and Farmer Jim later claims that the cows should be dairy cows, he may attempt to use a conversation via text message to prove his point. However, the admissibility of such evidence depends on the specific state's laws.

The Role of Vague Terms in Contracts

Contract terms can sometimes be vague, such as serviceable garments. In such cases, external evidence may be admitted to clarify the meaning of the term. For example, if a contract mentions serviceable garments, and there is a dispute over the specific nature of these garments, text messages might provide clarity. However, if the text messages pertain to fraudulent inducement or a later breach of contract, they are not considered parol evidence.

Text Messages as Evidence: What You Need to Know

While text messages can provide critical context and clarity, they must meet the standards set forth in the rules of evidence to be admissible in court. Here are a few key points to consider:

Properly Preserved: Text messages must be preserved correctly, which typically involves printing them directly from the phone. Relevance: The text messages must be relevant to the dispute, and their content must directly address the issue at hand. Avoid Hearsay: Avoid using second-hand information or statements that cannot be verified directly. Direct Statements or Admissions: The text should contain direct statements or admissions rather than mere opinions.

The Bottom Line

Text messages can certainly be used as evidence, but their admissibility depends on the state's laws and the specific context of the dispute. It's crucial to consult with a local lawyer to understand the specific rules and regulations in your state. Proper preservation and relevance are key to ensuring that text messages can be effectively used to support or refute claims in legal contract disputes.