Combustion Engines: Why They Outshine Electric Motors in Certain Applications

The ongoing debate between combustion engines and electric motors highlights their individual strengths and weaknesses. While electric motors are increasingly favored due to their environmental benefits and lower operating costs, combustion engines still offer advantages in several key areas. Let's delve into why combustion engines can be considered superior in certain scenarios.

Energy Density and Fuel Storage

Energy Density: Compressing the power needed to propel a vehicle, combustion fuels like gasoline or diesel have significantly higher energy densities compared to lithium-ion batteries or other battery technologies used in electric vehicles (EVs). This higher density means that vehicles powered by combustion engines can travel considerably longer distances on a single tank of fuel without needing to recharge. For instance, a typical internal combustion engine vehicle can easily cover 500 to 600 miles (800 to 965 kilometers) on a full tank of gasoline.

Refueling Time and Speed of Refueling

Refueling Time: Refueling combustion engine vehicles is a swift process that typically takes just a few minutes at a service station. This is a stark contrast to the time required for electric vehicles to recharge. Depending on the charging station and the vehicle's battery capacity, EVs may take anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours to fully charge. This extended recharging time can pose a significant inconvenience, especially for daily commuters or those who need quick refueling.

Infrastructure and Established Network

Infrastructure: The established network of gas stations and repair facilities is a critical advantage for combustion engines. These facilities are widespread and numerous, making it easier for owners to locate services when needed. Electric vehicles, on the other hand, rely on charging infrastructure, which is still developing and can be inconsistent, particularly in rural and remote areas. This can lead to inconvenient situations where charging stations are few and far between, causing delays or necessitating long detours.

Performance Characteristics: Power and Torque Outputs

Power and Torque Outputs: Combustion engines are renowned for their ability to produce high power and torque outputs, which makes them suitable for specific applications. Heavy-duty vehicles, performance cars, and off-road vehicles often require immense power and reliable torque, attributes that combustion engines can provide more effectively. For example, in the construction and mining industries, the robustness and reliability of combustion engines are crucial for operating large machines and equipment.

Cost of Entry and Initial Purchase Price

Cost of Entry: As of 2023, combustion engine vehicles generally offer a lower initial purchase price compared to electric vehicles. This accessibility makes them more appealing to a broader range of consumers, particularly those with budget constraints. Moreover, the maintenance costs for combustion engines tend to be lower in the short term, as the technology is more familiar and the parts are more readily available.

Driving Range and Longevity

Driving Range: Many combustion engine vehicles can cover greater distances without needing to refuel. For example, long-haul trucks and SUVs with combustion engines can travel thousands of miles between refueling stops. In contrast, EVs, particularly those with smaller batteries, may need to find charging stations more frequently, especially on long trips. This longer driving range is vital for applications where frequent stops are inconvenient or impossible.

Applications Beyond Personal Vehicles

Versatile Uses: Combustion engines find extensive use in applications beyond personal vehicles, such as aviation, marine, and industrial machinery. Their reliability and efficiency in these industries are unmatched, which underscores their value in various economic sectors. For instance, in the aviation industry, the continuous advancement of combustion engines has led to more efficient aircraft with lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions.

While combustion engines have significant advantages, it's essential to acknowledge the benefits of electric motors. These include lower emissions, reduced operating costs, and less mechanical complexity. The optimal choice between the two often depends on the specific use case, personal preferences, and regional considerations such as infrastructure and environmental policies.

The landscape is rapidly evolving, with advancements in battery technology and renewable energy sources continually shifting the balance between these technologies. As we move forward, we may see a convergence of these technologies, each contributing to the overall goal of sustainable transportation.