Disappearing Words in the English Language: A Closer Look

The English language is constantly evolving, as new words are introduced and some older words fall out of use. While many words remain prevalent, it is fascinating to explore the vocabulary that has disappeared over time. This article delves into some words that have become extinct in modern English, shedding light on the linguistic changes that have occurred through the years.

Declining Words in Modern English

While the usage of certain words has declined, it is important to note that many of them still hold a place in our lexicon, often appearing in literary works, legal documents, or specific contexts. For instance, the chart depicting the usage of 'whence' does show a small upturn in recent years, making it a word that may not be entirely extinct.

Below are some words that are declining in use, either in everyday speech or in formal writing:

Hearken

'Hearken' means to listen attentively. While it was commonly used in the past, its usage has drastically declined. Even in literary contexts, 'hearken' is increasingly replaced by 'listen'.

Lest

'Lest' is used to express a conditional thought, often involving a warning or precaution. Similar to 'hearken', 'lest' is now rarely used in modern English.

Betwixt

Although the word 'betwixt' is becoming less common, it can still be found in certain contexts, particularly in British English.

Hitherto

'Hitherto' is a word that indicates up to the present time. It has become quite rare in modern English, though it can still be encountered in literature or formal writing.

Nought

Once a common term, 'nought' is almost never used in contemporary English. It is often replaced by 'nothing'. For instance, 'bring to nought' can be translated as 'bring to nothing'. This phrase emphasizes the concept of nullifying something completely.

Words Rediscovered in Literature and Old Texts

Older texts, especially religious and poetic works, can be treasure troves of words that are no longer in common usage. Here are a few examples:

Psalms and Obsolete Words

The Psalms in older translations of the Holy Bible are a rich source of words no longer in use. For instance, 'hearken to my pleading' uses 'hearken', a word that is becoming increasingly archaic. Another term, 'pleading', which means 'entreating or earnestly asking a favour', is also not commonly used today.

Other works like Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen also contain many obsolete words. For example, the word 'thrice' (meaning 'three times') is hardly used today, as are 'war' in the context of conflict and 'two' in the phrase 'a couple of'. 'Innovation' has taken the place of 'obsolescence' as a term for advancements or changes making older things less relevant.

Language Evolution and Slang:

In the realm of slang and casual language, certain words may be unjustly classified as 'extinct'. For example:

Nice, Silly, and Awful

Words like 'nice', 'silly', and 'awful' are still very much in use, and continue to be an integral part of the English language. 'Silly' is often used as a gentler term than 'foolish'.

Other words that are declining in use include 'jungle', which is being replaced by 'forest'. While 'jungle' may refer to a dense and impenetrable area, 'forest' can simply refer to an area with many trees and paths.

Archaic Words That Continue to Thrive

Despite the decline of many words, there are still several archaic terms that continue to find their place in modern literature and usage:

Whence

'Whence' is still in use, particularly in England, where it is often used in the context of origins or sources. Another word that is less used but still seen in certain contexts is 'wherewithal', though it is considered rather old-fashioned.

Sennight and Fortnight

'Sennight' is a word that means 'a week' and has largely disappeared from common usage, except in certain specific contexts. In contrast, 'fortnight' remains a common term, particularly in the UK, representing two weeks.

Aforementioned, Aforesaid, and Their Like

Words like 'aforesaid', 'herein', and 'thereof' are not commonly used in everyday speech but can still be found in legal documents, contracts, or formal writing. While these terms may be archaic, they still serve a specific purpose in formal communication.

In conclusion, while many words have indeed faded from everyday use, it is essential to understand that language is dynamic. Some words, despite their archaic nature, continue to have a place in various types of writing, and some even find new uses in modern times. By embracing this evolution, we can better appreciate the richness and complexity of the English language.