The Thompson SMG in World War II: Drum Magazine Controversies and Tactical Limitations

The Thompson Submachine Gun (SMG)played a crucial role in both World War I and II. However, the weapon's adaptation and usage during World War II, particularly regarding the use of drum magazines, are often a subject of debate among historians and enthusiasts. This article delves into the intricacies of the Thompson SMG's development, its unique features, and the controversies surrounding its use with drum magazines during World War II.

Early Development and Initial Rejection

The Thompson SMG, initially known as the "Trench Broom," was developed privately at the end of World War I, with no immediate military interest. Despite this, the weapon was purchased by the U.S. Post Office for marine guards, a sale that led to a series of unintended consequences. The Marines, who kept the Post Office's guns, later modified and adapted them. The U.S. Army, however, initially saw the Thompson as too complicated and expensive and opted to purchase the M1 Garand. When the U.S. saw the effectiveness of other nations' submachine guns, it reconsidered and began to adopt the Thompson, which underwent significant modifications. These modifications included the introduction of the M1 version, making it more robust and better suited for military use.

British and French Adaptations

The British and French were the primary initiators of the widespread adoption of the Thompson SMG during World War II. Initially rejecting the weapon as "gangster guns," they were ultimately convinced by the success of German submachine guns, such as the MP38 and MP40. The British and French purchased the entire stock of Thompson kits, adapting them as needed. However, France's surrender and subsequent withdrawal from the order led Britain to take over and further develop their own versions, such as the Lanchester and STEN SMGs. The U.S., on the other hand, made a more complicated decision, opting for the M1 modification to the original Thompson design.

U.S. Military Versions and Drum Magazine Usage

While the British used the M1928 version of the Thompson, which could accommodate drum magazines, the U.S. military largely used the M1 version. The M1 version featured a simpler bolt with a side-actuated cocking handle, unlike the more complex M1928 model. Despite the Thompson's ability to take drum magazines, the U.S. top brass were not keen on its use. They were concerned that U.S. soldiers using the same weapon as gangsters could tarnish the military image, hence the decision to avoid drum magazine usage.

Conclusion

While the Thompson SMG was a versatile and effective weapon during World War II, its use with drum magazines was largely limited to the British M1928 version. The decision to use the modified M1 version by the U.S. military, which excluded drum magazines, was driven more by tactical concerns than any inherent weakness in the weapon. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Thompson SMG's development and usage during World War II, highlighting the complexities of equipping it with drum magazines and the strategic decisions made by military leaders.