Why Do Academic Journals Take So Long for Reviews and Publications?

For many scholars and professionals, serving as the managing editor of an academic journal is not just a responsibility but also an honor. While this unpaid role is available to those who are recognized experts in their field, it often comes with the expectation of enhancing one's academic profile and influence in promotion and tenure matters. Despite the honorific nature of this position, managing editors are typically busy with their core academic duties, leading to the complex review and publication process.

Challenges in Finding Reviewers

The process begins when manuscripts are submitted. As a managing editor, one of the primary tasks is to find suitable reviewers who are subject matter experts. However, these experts are often very busy with their own research and teaching commitments. For instance, the aviation research journal I was part of often asked for reviews during peak periods when the reviewer was least available. Despite the busy schedules, receiving such requests was considered an honor, and I always managed to find the time to provide thorough, complete, and timely reviews.

Typically, three independent reviewers are involved, all of whom remain anonymous to the author. These reviewers may not always be as diligent as one would hope; some might be punctual, while others are more relaxed about meeting deadlines. One editor I worked with was particularly known for procrastinating, often citing that they had not heard back from the reviewers. At times, mishaps could occur, such as the lost manuscript, which added more uncertainty to the process.

The Publication Process

Once a manuscript is accepted, authors can expect further delays. Suggested revisions might require an additional month to complete, and the resubmitted manuscript has to go through another round of review. The status of the manuscript would then change to "in press," which can further delay the publication process by an additional year or more. In some cases, the article can spend a longer time in the "in press" queue than in the review process. This extended period often becomes a source of frustration for authors and institutions alike.

Before the final publication, the author will receive a galley proof to carefully read and correct any typographical or other errors. This final step ensures the accuracy and quality of the published paper.

Insights into the Review and Publication Process

It is important to recognize that the review process for manuscripts submitted for peer review is often not the primary function of the individuals involved. Most managing editors and reviewers are professors who are driven by a passion for their academic discipline, rather than seeking financial rewards or media attention. Authors do not receive royalties nor do they get listed on best-seller lists. However, the experience might have intangible rewards, such as reduced course loads, which can provide more time for these activities, especially for high-impact journals. Lastly, being a managing editor can give one an early glimpse into important and exciting developments in their field before these findings are published.

In conclusion, the review and publication process for academic journals is a complex and often lengthy endeavor, marked by the need for careful peer review, the asynchronous schedules of busy scholars, and the rigorous final steps before publication. While delays can be frustrating, they highlight the vital role of the rigorous review process in ensuring the quality and credibility of scholarly work.