Can an International Student on an F1 Visa Pursue Internships in the U.S.?

International students on an F1 visa can indeed participate in internships within the United States, but they must adhere to specific regulations and guidelines set by the U.S. immigration policies. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how F1 students can engage in internships legally and what options are available to them.

Curricular Practical Training (CPT)

CPT allows F1 students to participate in internships that are integral to their academic curriculum. This can include internships required for their degree or those that provide academic credit. To be eligible for CPT, students must have completed at least one academic year of full-time study.

Students must receive approval from their Designated School Official (DSO) and ensure that the CPT is noted on their Form I-20. This process ensures that the internship aligns with the academic program and maintains compliance with immigration laws.

Optional Practical Training (OPT)

OPT offers F1 students the opportunity to work in their field of study for up to 12 months after graduation. This can include both academic and non-academic employment. However, to work, students must apply for and receive an Employment Authorization Document (EAD).

OPT can be further extended to up to 29 months if the student graduates with a degree in a Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics (STEM) field through STEM OPT. This extension allows for up to 20 hours of on-campus employment or full-time off-campus employment.

On-Campus Employment

F1 students are generally allowed to work on-campus without additional authorization. However, this type of employment is not considered an internship in the traditional sense. It is usually limited to part-time positions and often funded by the institution.

Unpaid Internships

Unpaid internships can be pursued by F1 students as long as they comply with the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Unpaid internships that do not meet these standards can be considered exploitative and may result in legal penalties.

Extending Internship Opportunities through STEM OPT

An F1 student can extend their internship opportunities through STEM OPT, a feature specifically designed for graduates from Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics fields. STEM OPT provides an additional 24 months of authorized practical training, which means a total of 36 months of OPT for graduates with a STEM degree.

This extended period is particularly valuable for graduates with only a Bachelor's degree, as it gives them the opportunity to secure jobs with H-1B sponsorship. Most non-STEM employers cannot obtain H-1B certification for Bachelors degree graduates due to the lack of a shortage in US citizens and green card holders in these fields.

Essential Considerations and Consultation with DSO

It is essential for F1 students to consult their DSO before pursuing any internships to understand the specific requirements and limitations. Compliance with all rules and regulations helps ensure that students remain in good standing with their immigration status and eligibility for work.

For international students on an F1 visa, navigating the process of securing and participating in internships in the U.S. can be complex, but with proper guidance and adherence to the guidelines, it can be a rewarding experience that enhances their academic and professional development.