How Russians Call Their Country: Understanding 'Rossiya' and Its Variants

When visiting Russia or discussing Russian culture, it is essential to understand how Russians refer to their country. The term 'Rossiya' is the most common and familiar term, but there are several variations and forms that you might encounter in different contexts. This article delves into the various names Russians use for their nation, their pronunciations, and their usage in everyday life.

The Common Name: Rossiya

When Russians refer to their country, they generally say 'Rossiya.' This name is both the common and formal term used in everyday conversations, advertisements, and media. It is pronounced as 'rah-see-yah' with the stress on the second syllable, 'see.' The 'R' is rolled, and the 'h's are silent.

IPA: [rsij]

Formal and Written Names

For more formal contexts, such as official documents, legal papers, and formal speeches, the full name 'Russian Federation' is often used. This is the official full designation of the country. However, since the phrase can be cumbersome, it is not commonly used in everyday conversation.

The formal name is spelled and pronounced as 'Rossiyskaya Federatsiya,' with the stress on 'yyskaya.' This name is lengthier and is typically only used in official documents and formal settings.

Dialectal Variants and Informal Uses

While 'Rossiya' is the most commonly used term, there are several other dialectal variations and informal terms used by Russians, both in their spoken language and in cultural contexts.

Rashka

One common informal term is 'Rashka,' which is often used in a joking or derogatory manner. This term refers to a show called 'Rashka,' which highlights the less flattering aspects of Russian life. Despite this negative connotation, referring to Russia as 'Rashka' can be heard, often among friends or in a lighthearted context.

Rus'

Another variation is 'Rus,' which represents the ancient name of the country. This term is used in poetic, inspirational, or patriotic contexts. In these cases, it can be heard in conversations about Russian history, literature, and cultural traditions. For example:

"What happened to our Rus' once so moral and strong and proud!"

or

"You'll see they won't break us; this is our sacred, indefatigable Rus' we are talking about!"

The pronunciation of 'Rus' is 'ruhs' with a long 'oo' sound as in 'pool,' and a soft 's' sound. This variation is often heard in cultural mediums like poetry, fairy tales, and historical movies and cartoons.

Conclusion

Understanding the different ways Russians refer to their country is crucial for anyone interested in Russian culture or planning a trip to Russia. From the common 'Rossiya' to the more formal 'Russian Federation' and the dialectal terms like 'Rashka' and 'Rus,' each term has its place in different contexts. Whether you're reading a newspaper, watching a movie, or engaging in conversation with a Russian friend, recognizing these variations will enhance your experience and appreciation of Russian language and culture.