Paul and the Apostles: Inheritance of Discipleship in Early Christianity

This article explores the roles of the apostles, especially focusing on Paul's perspective on the leadership of the early Church. It also delves into the contrast between the teachings of Peter, James, and Paul, and how Christianity evolved over time.

Introduction to Apostleship

The apostles, particularly those referred to after the Pentecostal revelation, played a crucial role in the early Christian Church. Based on the writings of Paul, it appears that certain apostles, such as Peter and James, were leaders in Jerusalem, leading the early Church post-Pentecost.

Paul's Perspective on Leadership

Paul, as a prominent figure in the early Christian Church, often referred to the leadership of the first-century Church, particularly Peter and James, as key figures. However, as the Church transitioned to emphasis on the Law of Moses, Paul began to critique these leaders. For instance, he confronted Peter in front of the congregation when he saw him separating from the Gentiles. This tension is reflected in Paul's letters, such as Galatians 2:11-14, where he addresses the issue directly.

Discipleship and Apostleship

It is important to distinguish between Jesus' disciples and the apostles. While Jesus is the original teacher and the Son of God, the apostles were individuals chosen by Him to spread His message. Paul, for instance, did not refer to himself as a disciple of Jesus but rather as a teacher to all people on Earth. He taught what Jesus had preached in the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, ensuring consistency in doctrine.

The Role of Fellow Apostles

Paul also had fellow apostles who traveled together on missionary journeys, such as Barnabas, Silas, and Timothy. These apostles were part of a broader network of Christian leaders who worked to spread the Good News of the Kingdom. The entire New Testament serves as a teacher, and it cross-references the Old Testament numerous times, reinforcing key theological principles.

Contrast with Roman Practices

It is crucial to contrast the teachings of Jesus with the actions of Rome during the 4th century. Jesus preached unconditional love and forgiveness, promoting a life of peace and reconciliation, as evidenced in the Gospels. In contrast, the Roman Empire engaged in numerous wars, forced conversions, and executed heretics and apostates. Jesus, on the other hand, healed through His touch, word, or prayer, and even resurrected the dead, as recorded in the Gospels.

Later Disciples and Traditions

While Jesus is the central figure, there are other individuals who can be considered disciples of Paul or apostles in their own right, such as Timothy, Priscilla and Aquila, Thecla, Justin the Martyr, Papias of Hierapolis, and Ignatius of Antioch. Each of these individuals played a unique role in the spread and development of Christianity.

Conclusions

The apostles, under Paul's leadership, were pivotal in the early Church's growth and spread. The contrast with Roman practices highlights the true essence of Christian values, which emphasize peace, love, and forgiveness. As Christianity developed over time, the roles of these apostles and disciples have been preserved and celebrated in the traditions and teachings of the Church.

Keywords: discipleship, apostles, Christianity, Paul, Church tradition