The Plans for a Third Atomic Bomb: A Memorandum of World War II

During the final days of World War II, the use of atomic bombs by the United States on Japan raised significant debates. Historically, there were detailed discussions within the U.S. military regarding the potential deployment of a third atomic bomb to conclude the conflict. This article delves into the plans, considerations, and ultimate outcome surrounding this subject.

Plans and Construction

Following the successful bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey and military leadership discussed the possibility of dropping more atomic bombs in the event Japan did not surrender unconditionally. The U.S. possessed additional atomic bombs that were under production and in the process of construction. These plans were part of the broader strategy to bring Japan to its knees without further significant loss of life or resources from land invasions.

Debates and Decisions

The decision to use atomic bombs was a highly controversial one, with various arguments centering on the necessity of their use and the ethical implications. Many military leaders and policymakers believed that the potential for a swift Japanese surrender would be significantly enhanced through the threat or subsequent use of additional atomic attacks. However, the death and destruction caused by the first two bombs led to renewed contemplation of alternatives and a growing sense of moral responsibility.

The Surrender and Cancellation

Ultimately, the Japanese emperor, Hirohito, signified his intent to surrender on August 15, 1945, citing the atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion of Manchuria as pivotal factors. This decision effectively cancelled the planned third atomic bomb attack. The announcement came a mere four days before the third bomb was set to be dropped on August 19, 1945.

Alternate Targets and Purpose

The original targets for the third atomic bomb were not conclusively decided. Some suggested that it would be dropped on Tokyo, while others proposed Kokura or even Kyoto. The German targets were also considered initially but abandoned due to the rapid advancement of the Allied forces and Germany's surrender. After World War II, the United States became the only nation with atomic bombs until the Korean War, where the possibility of using such weapons was discussed but ultimately not acted upon due to Cold War concerns and strategic decisions.

Impact and Legacy

The third atomic bomb never materialized, largely due to the Japanese surrender. However, the mere contemplation and discussion of such a weapon highlight the severe geopolitical and ethical considerations of the era. The use of atomic bombs on Japan marked a turning point not only in military strategy but also in global peace and nuclear policy. The subsequent Cold War and the development of nuclear arsenals by other nations underscore the long-lasting impact of this event.

Further, the minimizing of the "third bomb" occurrence to a mere delay or hypothetical scenario overlooks the critical discussions and planning that preceded it. The actions and decisions made during World War II set the stage for the post-war nuclear era and shaped international relations in the following decades.

Conclusion

The plans and discussions surrounding a third atomic bomb reveal the intricate complexities of World War II decisions. The U.S. military's strategic engagement with the potential for further atomic attacks reflects the desperate need for a rapid end to the conflict. Ultimately, the initial and sustained efforts to negotiate a peaceful resolution—averted by Japan's surrender on August 15, 1945—prevented further escalation of this devastating technology.